Whether you're planning to return to work, share feeds with a partner, or build a backup supply, expressing breast milk, also known as pumping, can offer flexibility, confidence, and peace of mind.
But when should you start pumping? Which pump should you use? And how much milk should you expect? If you’re feeling unsure, don’t worry - you’re not alone. Let’s explore the when, how and why of pumping breast milk, plus the best tools and tips to help you pump comfortably and efficiently.
Why Pump Breast Milk?
There are lots of reasons people choose to pump:
- To relieve engorgement or discomfort
- If you are separated from your baby
- If your baby is in NICU/SCBU and currently can’t breastfeed
- To store milk for later use
- To allow partners or family to feed baby
- To maintain or boost supply
- To continue feeding when returning to work
- To feed a baby who struggles to latch
- You want to feed your baby breastmilk, but not physically
Every journey is different and whatever your reason, pumping can be a supportive tool for your feeding goals.
When Should You Start Pumping?
In the Early Days (0–6 Weeks)
- Focus on direct breastfeeding to establish supply.
- You can start pumping whenever suits you and your family’s needs. However, it is a good idea to wait to start pumping once you are happy with your baby’s latch and you are feeling confident with breastfeeding.
- Pumping too early could lead to oversupply or engorgement, so if this is something you would like to do, then it would be a good idea to ask your midwife/lactation consultant to guide you through this.
- If you are advised to by a health professional to help increase your milk supply.
- You are struggling with latching your baby at the breast; therefore, you would hand express (during the first 2-3 days) or pump (ideally once your milk has come in) to protect your milk supply, whilst waiting for help.
- If your baby is premature or separated from you, you might start by hand expressing for the first few days and then moving on to pumping until baby is ready to take a direct feed at the breast.
Top tip: If you're experiencing latch issues or engorgement, expressing can be helpful - just speak to your midwife or lactation consultant first.
After 6 Weeks
By this time, breastfeeding is usually better established, and pumping can be introduced more comfortably.
- Start building a small freezer stash.
- Offer the occasional bottle or start combi feeding.
- Prepare for returning to work or being away from baby.
This is an ideal time to explore using a manual or electric breast pump.
How to Express Breast Milk
You can express by hand, manual pump, or electric pump. The best method depends on your lifestyle, how often you plan to pump, and your comfort.
1. Manual Pumping
Best for: Occasional use, travel, or quiet sessions
- Quiet, portable, and easy to clean
- Great for small volumes or top-ups
- Works at your pace
2. Electric Pumping
Best for: Frequent pumping, building supply, or exclusive expressing
- More efficient for regular use
- Adjustable suction and rhythm
- Double pumps save time and help maintain supply
3. Hand Expressing
Best for: Colostrum collection, relieving engorgement, or manual top-ups
Tip: Warm the breast and massage gently before beginning.
When and How Often to Pump
There’s no one-size-fits-all schedule, but here are some general guidelines:
- Pump in the morning when supply is often highest
- Pump 30–60 minutes after a feed or 1 hour before the next one
- If exclusively expressing, aim to pump 8–12 times in 24 hours, including overnight
- If building a freezer stash, pump once daily between feeds
The key is consistency. More milk removal = more milk production.
How Long Should You Pump For?
- 15–20 minutes per session is typical
- Stop when the flow slows and your breast feels soft
- Double pumping is usually faster and yields more milk
- Using breast compressions will yield more milk too, meaning you could pump for less time
Don’t worry if you only get small amounts at first - milk volume varies by time of day, stress levels, and how recently you fed.
How to Store Breast Milk Safely
- Use BPA-free milk storage bags or clean bottles
- Label each with the date and time expressed
- Store in the back of the fridge or freezer - not the door
Storage guidelines (NHS):
- Room temp (up to 25°C): 6 hours
- Fridge (5°C or lower): 6 days
- Freezer (-18°C): 6 months
Tips for Comfortable Pumping
- Relax before you start
- Apply a warm compress to encourage let-down
- Gently massage breasts before and during pumping
- Use a correctly sized flange/breast shield to avoid nipple pain
- Apply nipple cream after sessions to soothe any soreness
Common Pumping Questions
How much should I get per session?
Anywhere from 30ml to 120ml is typical. All amounts are normal.
Will pumping make me produce more milk?
Yes - if done consistently, pumping can increase supply.
Can I mix freshly expressed milk with stored milk?
Yes, but cool the fresh milk in the fridge first before adding it to already chilled milk.
When is the best time to start offering bottles?
Many experts recommend introducing a bottle around 4–6 weeks, once breastfeeding is well established.
Midwife’s Top Tips
- Don’t wait for engorgement – if your breasts are feeling full and heavy, hand express or gently use a pump to soften the breast
- Stay hydrated and snack while you pump - look after you
- If pumping causes pain, check your flange size or pump settings
- Relaxation matters - tension can delay let-down so do something that boosts your oxytocin whilst you pump e.g. eating chocolate!
- Use breast compressions throughout pumping
- Clean and sterilise all pump parts after each use
Pumping can be a helpful, empowering part of your breastfeeding journey, whether you do it occasionally or every day. It allows flexibility, supports supply, and helps others share the feeding experience.
With the right pump, a few storage essentials, and a little patience, you can express confidently and comfortably - on your terms.
